Easton's Bible Dictionary: M. G. Easton, M.A., D.D.

Heaven

1. Definitions. The phrase "heaven and earth" is used to indicate the whole universe (Gen. 1:1; Jer. 23:24; Acts 17:24). According to the Jewish notion there were three heavens,
   1. The firmament, as "fowls of the heaven" (Gen. 2:19, 7:3, 23; Ps. 8:8, etc.), "the eagles of heaven" (Lam. 4:19), etc.
   2. The starry heavens (Dt. 17:3; Jer. 8:2; Mt. 24:29).
   3. "The heaven of heavens," or "the third heaven" (Dt. 10:14; 1 Ki. 8:27; Ps. 115:16, 148:4; 2 Cor. 12:2).
2. Meaning of words in the original,
   1. The usual Hebrew word for "heavens" is shamayim, a plural form meaning "heights," "elevations" (Gen. 1:1, 2:1).
   2. The Hebrew word marom is also used (Ps. 68:18, 93:4, 102:19, etc.) as equivalent to shamayim, "high places," "heights."
   3. Heb.galgal, literally a "wheel," is rendered "heaven" in Ps. 77:18 (R.V., "whirlwind").
   4. Heb.shahak, rendered "sky" (Dt. 33:26; Job 37:18; Ps. 18:11), plural "clouds" (Job 35:5, 36:28; Ps. 68:34, marg. "heavens"), means probably the firmament.
   5. Heb.rakia is closely connected with (d), and is rendered "firmamentum" in the Vulgate, whence our "firmament" (Gen. 1:6; Dt. 33:26, etc.), regarded as a solid expanse.
3. Metaphorical meaning of term. Isa. 14:13, 14; "doors of heaven" (Ps. 78:23); heaven "shut" (1 Ki. 8:35); "opened" (Ezek. 1:1). (See 1 Chr. 21:16.)
4. Spiritual meaning. The place of the everlasting blessedness of the righteous; the abode of departed spirits.
   1. Christ calls it his "Father's house" (Jn. 14:2).
   2. It is called "paradise" (Lk. 23:43; 2 Cor. 12:4; Rev. 2:7).
   3. "The heavenly Jerusalem" (Gal. 4:26; Heb. 12:22; Rev. 3:12).
   4. The "kingdom of heaven" (Mt. 25:1; Jas. 2:5).
   5. The "eternal kingdom" (2 Pet. 1:11).
   6. The "eternal inheritance" (1 Pet. 1:4; Heb. 9:15).
   7. The "better country" (Heb. 11:14, 16).
   8. The blessed are said to "sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob," and to be "in Abraham's bosom" (Lk. 16:22; Mt. 8:11); to "reign with Christ" (2 Tim. 2:12); and to enjoy "rest" (Heb. 4:10, 11).

      In heaven the blessedness of the righteous consists in the possession of "life everlasting," "an eternal weight of glory" (2 Cor. 4:17), an exemption from all sufferings for ever, a deliverance from all evils (2 Cor. 5:1, 2) and from the society of the wicked (2 Tim. 4:18), bliss without termination, the "fulness of joy" for ever (Lk. 20:36; 2 Cor. 4:16, 18; 1 Pet. 1:4, 5:10; 1 Jn. 3:2). The believer's heaven is not only a state of everlasting blessedness, but also a "place", a place "prepared" for them (Jn. 14:2).